Index

The Conception of the
Sahaba's Ultimate Decency
and the
Political Authority in Islam

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Preface	16
Part 1 — Chapter 1	21
1. the Lexical Meaning of Sahaba	21
A. in Lexicons	21
B. in the Holy Quran	21
C. Induce the Quranic Verses for Providing for the Lexical Meaning	21
D. Lexical Aspects of the Idiom	22
2. Terminological Meaning of Sahaba	23
A. An Explanation of bnHajar's Definition	23
B. bnHajar's Estimation of this Definition	24
C. Means of Recognizing the Sahaba	25
D. The Entire People are Sahaba	25
Chapter 2 — Sunnis' Conception of the Sahaba's Ultimate Decency	28
The Sunni Scholars’ Argument Regarding this Conception	28
Tenor of Sunnis' Conception of the Sahaba's Ultimate Decency	29
Punition of Dissents of the Sahaba's Ultimate Decency Conception	30
The Mystery Beyond Such An Extreme Harshness	30
Recall	30
An Attempt for Mitigating Such A Hyperbole	31
Denying and Eradicating this Attempt	31
Effects of this Opinion of Generalization	31
Wonderment and End Result	32
Criticism of the Conception	33
Unanimity and Discrepancy	33
An Endeavor for Reconciling	33
The Benefit of Such A Classification	34
Discrimination is A Divine Norm	35
Evidence of Legal Discrimination	35
Classes of Sahaba	36
Classification Of The Sahaba As Posited By AlHakam In His AlMustedrak	37
Approach of Discrimination in Islam	39
Pillars Of Discrimination And Courses Of Decency	39
Estimating the Criteria	40
Wonderment	41
Chapter 3 — Outward Refutation of the Conception	42
First Face: Admission and Witnesses	42
Second Face	43
Prefatory Perusal	44
1st — Confusion	44
2nd — Suggestive Words	45
3rd — Protection and Covering Up	46
A Topical Refutation of the Sahaba's Ultimate Decency Conception	47
The Wonder of Wonders	48
Aspect of Annulment	48
Expatiating and Proving Aspects of Annulment	49
I. the Conception Opposes Categorical Quranic Texts	49
Manifestation Of Hypocrisy	49
Categorical Divine Judgment	50
Examples Of Contradiction Between The Holy Quran And The Sahaba's Ultimate Decency Conception	50
Explication of the 3 Examples	52
1. God's Judgment In The Three Individuals	52
2. Sunnis' Judgment Respecting The Three	53
2 The Conception Opposes the Prophet's Traditions — 6 Examples	53
A Solicitation To Scrutinizing The 6 Examples	56
3 The Conception is Contradictory to Actuality — 7 Examples	57
Explication Of The 7 Examples	60
4 The Sahaba's Ultimate Decency Conception Opposes the General Spirit of Islam, Concept of the Unforeseen End Result and Concept of Cause Finale	61
Explication of the Above Texts	64
Incoherence of the Conception	65
Remarks	65
The Sahaba's Role in Legislation	66
Chapter 4 — the Sahaba's Ultimate Decency Conception At Shias	69
1. Shias' acceding to the Sahaba:	69
2. for Shias, Who are the Sahaba?	69
3. The Basic Difference Point	70
4. Shias' Supplication for Mohammed's Companions	70
The Most Well Memorized Supplication of the Shiite	71
Chapter 5 — Grounds of Consideration of Sahaba	73
BnAbbas describes the Sahaba before Muawiya	73
The Will of HutheifehbnAlYeman, the Sahabi	74
AzZubeir and the End Result	75
Talha and the End Result	75
Confederates Kill Each Other	76
AmmarbnYasir's Satisfactory End Result	76
Muawiya's Argument	77
Muawiya Penalizes Othman's Assassinators	77
AlHassan AlBasri's Impression on Muawiya	77
Muawiya's Zenith of Glories	78
Muawiya's Officials Revile At Ali	78
Chapter 6 — The Right Course to Recognizing the Decent Sahaba	79
Topical Introductory	79
Inspecting the 2 supplications	79
A wonderment	79
Prospects	80
Explication	80
The solving method	80
Obstructions Of The Solving Methods	81
Conclusive Judgment of the Sahaba's Decency — Recall and Abstract of the Views of Sunnis and Shias	81
Confusion	83
An Event for the Shariite Disclosure	84
The Entire Sahaba's Decency	84
Logical Characterization	85
Wonderment	85
Abstract	85
How should we discriminate the indecent Sahaba?	86
Submission to the Authority Nominated By the Prophet is the Clue to Decency	86
The Decent Sahaba	87
Models of the Sluggish Iraqi and Syrian Individuals	88
Those Who Complied to Muawiya	88
Part 2 — Chapter 1— The Tribal Root — The Impermissibility to Combine Caliphate and Prophesy	90
A. the Clans of Quraish	90
B. the Political Form	90
C. Endeavors for Shaking the Form	91
D. the Augury of Prophesy	91
E. the Declaration of Prophesy	92
F. the Hashimites' Guarding Mohammed	92
G. Not for the Favor of the Pagans, It Was Envy, and Preserving the Political Form	92
H. Not for the Favor of the Pagans, the Wars Were Due to Envy and Preserving the Political Form	93
I. the Hashemite Prophesy is An Inescapable Fate	94
J. the most enthusiast clan towards occluding the Hashemite advancement	95
K. The Preeminent Trend	96
L. The Immaculate Kinship is the Statutory Base of Caliphate	96
M. The Rebellion and the Dissipation of the Preeminent Trend	97
The literal quotation of this narrative	98
N. Statutory Ground of Intercepting the Hashemites from Joining Headship to Prophesy Conception	100
O. Effects of Practicing the Conception of Intercepting the Hashemites from Joining Headship to Prophesy	101
The First Effect	101
The Second Effect	102
The Third Effect	103
The Fourth Effect	103
Chapter 2 — Political Roots of the Sahaba's Ultimate Decency Conception	105
Islamic political system	105
A. Contradiction Between Idealism and Reality	105
B. the Islamic Political System	106
C. Pillars of the Islamic Political System	106
1st Pillar — Political Leadership	106
Purpose Of The Divine Election For Political Leadership	107
2nd Pillar — Organic Relationship Between Divine Doctrine And Selected Leaders	107
3rd Pillar — The Divine Jurisprudential Formulation	108
4th Pillar — The Commonalty's Contentment	109
Simplicity of the Islamic System	109
Political Circumstances of Inventing the Sahaba's Ultimate Decency Conception	110
Disregarding the Announced Goal for Dissenting the Legality	114
Renaissance After Inadvertence	114
Hypotheses Serving the Factuality	115
Chapter 3 — Purpose of Inventing the Sahaba's Ultimate Decency Conception	116
1. Substantiation	116
2. Immunity Against Criticism, Maligning, Reviling and Imputing Dishonor	117
3. Confronting Rivals of Muawiya and His Faction	118
4. Engaging Muslims in Discrepancies	118
Grounds of the Sahaba's Ultimate Decency Conception	119
Ahaadeeths Narrators	121
Muawiya's Merits	121
Ashafi'i's Impression on Muawiya	122
AlHassan AlBasri's Saying	122
The Entire Sahaba's Ultimate Decency Conception is Having Umayid Flavor	122
Chapter 4 — The Jurisprudential Roots of the Sahaba's Ultimate Decency Conception	124
The Jurisprudential Authority	124
The Two Authorities	125
1. The Sunnis' Authority is the Entire Sahaba	125
What Is The Doctrinal Base Upon Which Sunnis Relied In Referring To The Sahaba As Legal Authority?	126
2. The Shias' Authority is the Imams and the Authentic Sahaba	126
What Is The Doctrinal Base Upon Which Shias Relied In Referring To The Imams As Legal Authority?	127
Role of the Two Authorities	128
Role Of The Authority At Sunnis	128
Role Of The Authority At Shias	129
Difference in Base is Difference in Effects	130
Numerous Authorities	132
The Doctrinal Judgment About The Variety Of Authorities	133
Cancellation Of The Doctrinal Authority Necessarily Entails Founding A Surrogate One	134
The Only Way Of Founding A Surrogate Authority WAS Fabricating The Entire Sahaba's Ultimate Decency Conception	134
The Conception Would Have Proved Its Failure If It Had Been Invented By Other Than The Rulers	134
The Surrogate Authority Became Legitimate	135
The Solution	136
In the Absence of the Doctrinal Authority	136
The Jurisprudential Dissent	136
Roots Of The Aggressive Prosecution Against The Prophet's Household	137
Property Of The Immaculate Kinship To The Prophet	138
Prospect Of This Property	139
Meanings Of Property Of The Immaculate Kinship	139
Functions Of The Immaculate Kinship Of The Prophet	139
Reasons Beyond Granting Property	140
Incentives	140
This Property Was Used As A Political Argument In Various Ages	142
The Rulers' Political Treatment With The Prophet's Immaculate People	144
Categories Of The Prophet's Kinship	148
Dismissal Of The Immaculate Progeny	148
Representation Of The Prophet's Progeny's Property	149
Chapter 5 — Prospects Attached to the Sahaba's Ultimate Decency Conception	150
Finding Competitive Specifications	150
A Factual Example	151
Another Factual Example	152
Expounding Upon the Previous States	152
A Striking Surprising and A Wonderment	152
Fulfillment Of The Mission	153
Finding Competitive Protection	153
In Respect of Proclamation	154
Examples on What the Sahaba Gain from the Entire Sahaba's Ultimate Decency Conception	154
Texts for Reflecting on	155
Wonderment	156
Imparting the Argument By A Medium	157
Expansion in Issuing Verdicts	158
A Principal Restraint on the Narrators	159
Part 3 — Chapter 1 — Signification of Authority	161
Coherence of Authority and Doctrine	162
Authority is A Matter of Specialization and A Technique of Thorough Experience	163
Variety of Authorities	163
Difference Between Doctrine and Authority	164
Wisdom of Effecting the Authority	165
The Authority is An Undeniable Fact	166
Chapter 2 — The Doctrine	168
Two Categories of Doctrines	169
Creating Doctrines and their Essences	169
Characteristics of the Islamic Doctrine	170
The Dogmatic Depiction	171
The Divine Jurisprudential Formulation	171
Chapter 3 — The Competent Practitioner of Nominating the Authority	173
Missions and Functions of the Authority Nominated By God	174
The Authority in the Prophet's Reign	176
The Authority After the Prophet	177
A Preliminary Review To The Actuality	177
The Need Of An Authority After The Prophet	178
Wonderments in Need of Answers	178
Chapter 4 — the Muslims' Attitudes Towards the Authority After the Prophet	180
Who is the Authority Succeeding the Prophet?	181
The Sunnis' Opinion: the Claim of the Prophet's Leaving His Nation Without Nominating A Successor Or An Authority	181
Settlement of the Claim of the Prophet's Leaving His Nation Without An Authority	182
The Prophet’s Successor According to the Sunnis' Opinion	184
For Sunnis, the Prevalent Ruler is the Authority	186
The Representative Authority	187
Congregational Authority for Sunnis	189
Roles of the Authorities for Sunnis	191
Chapter 5 — The Surrogate Authority	193
The Consummation of Installing Features of the Surrogate Authority	193
The Clamorous Encounter	194
Analysis of the Encounter	196
Parties of Encounter	196
Preliminary Results of the Encounter	196
1. Dissension	196
2. Emanation Of A New Huge Trend	197
3. Emergence Of The Ideas Of Predominance And Preferring The Follower To The Master	199
Two Similar Occurrences	199
4. Success And Mastery Of The Prevalent	202
5. Dismissing The Prophet's Immaculate Progeny	202
The New Stuff of Authority	205
Effects of Opposition	205
Chapter 6 — the Authority After the Prophet	207
Shia’s Opinion	207
A. Requisiteness of Authority	207
B. the Divine Declaration of the Authority	208
The Leader and the Authority Nominated By God	210
Reasons Beyond Hostility of Sunnis to Shias	210
Sunnis' Velocity	211
Replication on that Velocity	211
The Two Authorities	211
God is The Nominator Of The 2 Authorities	212
Shariite Proof Of God's Nominating The Individual Authority	212
A Model of the Ghadeer Declaration	215
The Doctrinal Assertion on Ali's Leadership	216
Guidance After the Prophet	218
The Attester After the Prophet	218
The Shias' Congregational Authority	219
The Fruit of the Shias' Pursuing the Doctrinal Authority	222
Part 4 — Chapter 1	223
Regulations of the Society Movement	223
Harmony and Perfection Between the Divine Doctrine and the Political Leadership	224
Qualifications of the Doctrinal Political Leadership	225
Adept At Assuring Availability of the Qualifications Involved	226
The Acceptingness of the Divine Volition	227
The Refusal of the Divine Volition	227
Varieties of Refusal of the Divine Volition	228
Chapter 2 — The PreAdamic Divine Preparations for Nominating the Prophet's Successor	230
Before the Birth of Adam	230
In Front of the Solicitation	231
Following the Prophesy	231
Declaring the Succession After the Declaration of Prophesy	233
Declaring and Arranging for the Heir Apparent	234
1. The Credit	234
2. The Fraternity	235
3. The Wilaya	237
Showing Loyalty and Affection to Ali is Estimated As Same As Showing Loyalty and Affection to Allah	238
The Consecutive Declarations and Arrangements for Ali's Next Leadership Were God's Mandate	239
Chapter 3 — The Wali is the Master, the Imam and the Leader	240
The Most Consequential Objective Qualifications Enjoyed By the Leader Succeeding the Prophet	242
Ali's Leadership and Succeeding the Prophet is A Religious Question that Belongs to Believing in this Religion.	244
Allah's Confidant and the Apostle's Successor is the Knight of Islam	246
Chapter 4 — Allah's Marrying His Confidant and His Apostle's Successor	249
The Good Tidings	249
The Blessed Progeny	250
The Habitation of the Prophet and His Successor	251
Ali is the Prophet's Disciple	252
Denial of the Prophet's Nominating Ali As His Inheritor	254
The Endowments Exclusively Enjoyed By the Leader and the Prophet's Successor	255
The Immunization of the Leader and the Prophet's Successor	256
Chapter 5 — Crowning Ali the Leader and the Prophet's Successor	258
1. When: the Farewell Pilgrimage	258
2. Where: Ghadeer Khum	258
The Divine Mandate of Nominating the Leader and the Prophet's Successor	259
The Verse of Tabligh	260
The Style of the Decision of Nominating the Leader and the Prophet's Successor	261
1. The Text Related By HutheifehbnUseid AlGhefari And Recorded in AtTabarani's AlKabeer	261
2. The Text Related By ZaidbnArqam	262
3. The Text Related By AlBerabnAzib	262
4. The Text Related By Sa'dbnAbiWaqqas	263
5. The Text Related By Sa'd In Another Form	263
The Perception of the Decision and Receiving Congratulations	263
Texts Quoted from the Immortal Decision of Nominating Ali for the Leadership	265
The Hadith of Ghadeer and the Event of the Nomination is A Certitude	266
The Ghadeer Festivity	267
Fasting On The Day Of Ghadeer	267
Chapter 6 — The Perfection of the Religion and the Completion of the Grace By Nominating the Imam	268
The Divine Disposition of the Transference of Imamate After the Leader's Decease	270
The Specialist in Nominating the Prophet and the Imam	270
The Conscript Imam	271
The Authority in Charge of Nominating the Successor of the Prophet's Successor	272
The Wisdom of Dedicating Imamate to Mohammed's Progeny	274
People's Role in the Process of Nominating the Imam	274
Disintegration Between Actuality and Legality	275
The Legal Imams	276
Exposing the Future for the Leader and the Prophet's Successor	277
The Collapse of the Jahilite Political Form	278
Chapter 7 — the Rebellion	280
The Historical Circumstance that Helped the Rebellion Prevail and the Legality Retreat	280
A. the Clans of Quraish	280
B. the Political Form	280
C. Endeavors for Shaking the Form	281
D. the Augury of Prophesy	281
E. the Declaration of Prophesy	282
F. the Hashimites' Guarding Mohammed	282
G. Not for the Favor of the Pagans, It Was Envy, and Preserving the Political Form	282
H. Not for the Favor of the Pagans, the Wars Were Due to Envy and Preserving the Political Form	283
I. the Hashemite Prophesy is An Inescapable Fate	284
The Hashemite prophesy is an inescapable and determined fate	285
J. The Preeminent Trend	286
K. the Immaculate Kinship is the Statutory Base of Caliphate	286
L. the Rebellion and the Dissipation of the Preeminent Trend	287
The Literal Quotation Of This Narrative	288
M. the Statutory Ground of the Conception of Intercepting the Hashemites from Joining Headship to Prophesy	290
N. Effects of Practicing the Conception of Intercepting the Hashemites from Joining Headship to Prophesy	291
1st Effect: The Total Disappearance Of The Discrimination Between Those Who Fought Against Islam And Those Who Fought For Its Sake Till Triumph Was Achieved	291
2nd Effect: Seeding And Sheltering The Unceasing Discrepancy	292
3rd Effect: Excluding The Hashemites Particularly From Coming To Power	293
4th Effect: Confusedness	293
Chapter 8 — Introductories to the Rebellion	295
With the Prophet in His Final Disease	295
The Encounter: Parties and Preliminary Results	298
1. Dissension	298
2. The Emanation Of A New Huge Trend	299
3. Emergence Of The Ideas Of Predominance And Preferring The Follower To The Master	300
Two Similar Occurrences	301
4. Success And Mastery Of The Prevalent	303
5. Dismissing The Prophet's Immaculate Progeny	304
6. Seizure of the Power	306
1. Recollection And Reconnection Of Events	306
2. The Conclusive Success	307
The Two Choices	307
Dress of Legality	307
Chapter 9 — Aims and Objects of AlFaruq	309
The Ideal Solution	309
Probing the Solution	310
AlFaruq's Adopting and Developing the Saying	310
Like their Alliance Against the Prophet, People of Quraish Allied Against His Successor	311
The Quraishis Were Planning While the Hashemites Were Drowned in their Grief	312
The Punctilious Planning	312
The First Fruit Of The Planning	313
Planning for Defeating the Hashemites	314
Benefiting the Same Preponderancies for Achieving Aims	314
Equality, Opportunity and Objectivity	315
The Authority Capable of Defeating the Divinely Elected Leader, and the Flawless Cabal	316
The Saqeefa Meeting	317
Unanswerable Questions	317
Who Conveyed the News of the Meeting?	318
Two Men from the Ansar	318
Chapter 10 — Objective Analysis, and Denial of Serendipity	320
The Entering of the Three Muhajirs	323
The Purpose Beyond The Three Muhajirs' Participation	323
In the Saqeefa	326
The Greatest Humanitarian Wealth	327
The Legal Arguments of People of Saqeefa	328
The Argument of the Present Ansar	328
The Purpose of the Three Muhajirs	329
The Legal Arguments of the Three Muhajirs	329
Summary of AbuBakr’s Argument Provided Before the Ansar	330
Summary of Omar’s Argument Provided Before the Ansar	330
The Ansar’s Replication	330
Expectation and Substantiation	330
The Caliph Should Be One of Those Three	330
The First Declarer of Fealty	331
Nominating and Swearing Allegiance to the Caliph	331
The Reward	331
Spreading of the News of the Declaration	332
The Unequal Confrontation Between the Divinely Nominated Leader and the New Power

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