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"The life and property of all persons, whether black, red (Persian slave) or of whatever colour, and living in Syria, Iraq, Tihama, Hijaz or anywhere else, will be protected and they will not be harmed." 24 This condition reflects that one of the top...

"The life and property of all persons, whether bla...

"Moawiya does not have the right to nominate anyone after him. After him the authority shall return to (Imam) Hasan (as). According to some narrations, 'after Moawiya, it will be left to 'Shoora' of Muslims as they deem fit'." Imam Hasan Mujtaba (as)...

"Moawiya does not have the right to nominate anyon...

Another important point for consideration in the above condition is whether Imam Mujtaba (as) had handed over the rule over Muslims and the government to Moawiya through peace treaty, or he had given allegiance to Moawiya as a caliph and had accept e...

Another important point for consideration in the a...

Before starting a discussion on the peace treaty, it is considered necessary to state that the historians have very boldly tried to keep the world in the dark about the clauses and the relevant details of the peace treaty. Was the treaty between Imam...

Before starting a discussion on the peace treaty, ...

The peace treaty between (Imam ) Hasan bin Ali (as) and Moawiya bin Abee Sufyan was signed on the following terms and conditions: 1. Hasan (as) would hand over the rule, or government, to Moawiya provided he acts according to the Holy Book of God, th...

The peace treaty between (Imam ) Hasan bin Ali (as...

As stated earlier, Imam Mujtaba (as) had sent a vanguard unit of twelve thousand soldiers towards Maskin so that they could restrict the movement of the enemy, while the Imam (as) himself had marched to Madain with the rest of the army and camped the...

As stated earlier, Imam Mujtaba (as) had sent a va...

We quote the sermon from authentic historical sources: "By God, neither had we any doubt about fighting the Syrians nor did we have any remorse, because it was we who had fought the Syrians with confidence and humility. But enmity took the place of c...

We quote the sermon from authentic historical sour...

Imam Mujtaba (as) had recuperated. He had thorough knowledge of the changes that had occurred and had complete control over the latest condition of the army. He knew about the secret plans of the officers of his army and their negative intentions. On...

Imam Mujtaba (as) had recuperated. He had thorough...

It has been made clear in the earlier chapters that the success of the army of Imam Hasan (as) and its morale directly depended on the performance of the vanguard brigade. So, when the reserve forces in Madain learnt about the betrayal by Ubai dullah...

It has been made clear in the earlier chapters tha...

Ubaidullah b. Abbas was quickly advancing towards Maskin with twelve thousand soldiers in the vanguard brigade. While passing through a place called "Shami" near Qadisiya, he continued his advance till he reached Maskin after crossing over the Euphra...

Ubaidullah b. Abbas was quickly advancing towards ...

Some historians, prominent among them being Ibne Kaseer, have written that Imam Mujtaba (as) was against the war but the views of the supporters of war and the Iraqi people prevailed over his own view; they gathered a large number of people after whi...

Some historians, prominent among them being Ibne K...

These people did not belong to any particular group or party. They did not have the ability to differentiate between the truth and falsehood and thereby to feel their responsibility to be on the right path. Moreover the extensive propaganda by the Kh...

These people did not belong to any particular grou...

The researchers complain that a factual, analytical and critical study of the struggle between Imam Hasan (as) and Moawiya, as presented by history, has not yet been undertaken. Thus, a chapter on the early Islamic period remains dark, vague and uncl...

The researchers complain that a factual, analytica...

During the caliphate of Imam Hasan (as), Ziyad b. Abeeh was his governor in Persia. When Moawiya wrote threatening letters to him, he made the following speech in reply: "The son of the liver-eater, the centre of malice, and the leader of opposition ...

During the caliphate of Imam Hasan (as), Ziyad b. ...

Ibne Qutaiba Dinavari records that Sulaiman b. Sarad, who was a leader of Koofa and was not present in Koofa at the time, raising an objection against Imam Hasan (as), said: "I am very much surprised how you agreed to Moawiya's allegiance when you ha...

Ibne Qutaiba Dinavari records that Sulaiman b. Sar...

Musayyab b. Najih (or Najaih) rose and said: "May my life be sacrificed for you. I wonder how you gave allegiance to Moawiya when you had forty thousand soldiers under your command?" 9 From the above objection, it has been concluded that forty thousa...

Musayyab b. Najih (or Najaih) rose and said: "May ...

History has recorded the evidence for a very long time that victory or defeat of an army does not depend on the number of its soldiers. When the soldiers are brave and determined to even sacrifice their lives for a great cause, then even small battal...

History has recorded the evidence for a very long ...

A particular class of people, devoted to Imam Hasan (as) and his illustrious father, having a special identity based on faith, thought, intellect and mystic knowledge. These people consider caliphate as the right of the household of the Holy Prophet ...

A particular class of people, devoted to Imam Hasa...

Outwardly these people were pious and very respectable but the level of their intellect could be judged from the fact that, God forbid, they had slandered the leader of the faithful, Hazrat Ali (as) as being a polytheist, and had fought the war calle...

Outwardly these people were pious and very respect...

In the reliable historical records no detail is available through which we could ascertain the composition of various groups that constituted the army of Imam Mujtaba (as) and their quality. Occasionally it has been mentioned that Imam Mujtaba (as) h...

In the reliable historical records no detail is av...

Many letters had been exchanged between Imam Hasan (as) and Moawiya - who thought that through his cunning and threats he would be able to force the grandson of the Holy Prophet (saww) to resign, but he was very surprised when the Imam (as) did not t...

Many letters had been exchanged between Imam Hasan...